av 女同 CCPR_GC_28E_ENG-CHI_BT.htm
CCPRav 女同
CCPR
General comment No. 28:
第28号一般性意见：
Article 3 (The equality of rights between men and women){§1}
第三条(男女权柄对等){§1}
Sixty-eighth session (2000)
第六十八届会议(2000年)
1. The Committee has decided to update its general comment on article 3 of the Covenant and to replace general comment No. 4 (thirteenth session， 1981)， in the light of the experience it has gathered in its activities over the last 20 years.
1. 委员会决定凭证往时20年行径中蕴蓄的素质更新对于《条约》第三条的一般性意见，并以此取代第4号一般性意见(1981年，第十三届会议)。
The present revision seeks to take account of the important impact of this article on the enjoyment by women of the human rights protected under the Covenant.
本次矫恰是要顾及该条对妇女享受《条约》保护的东说念主权的紧要影响。
2. Article 3 implies that all human beings should enjoy the rights provided for in the Covenant， on an equal basis and in their totality.
2. 第三条意味着所有东说念主应对等和十足享受《条约》端正的权柄。
The full effect of this provision is impaired whenever any person is denied the full and equal enjoyment of any right.
只消任何东说念主不周至部和对等享受任何权柄，这项端正就无法充分阐述其效应。
Consequently， States should ensure to men and women equally the enjoyment of all rights provided for in the Covenant.
因此，列国应保证男女对等享有《条约》端正的所有权柄。
3. The obligation to ensure to all individuals the rights recognized in the Covenant， established in articles 2 and 3 of the Covenant， requires that States parties take all necessary steps to enable every person to enjoy those rights.
3. 《条约》第二和第三条端正的保证所有东说念主享有《条约》承认的权柄的义务要求缔约国选拔一切必要形貌，使每个东说念主能享有这些权柄。
These steps include the removal of obstacles to the equal enjoyment of such rights， the education of the population and of State officials in human rights， and the adjustment of domestic legislation so as to give effect to the undertakings set forth in the Covenant.
这些形貌包括抹杀影响对等享受这些权柄的清贫、对东说念主民和国度官员进行东说念主权讲授和养息国内立法以履行凭证《条约》承诺的义务。
The State party must not only adopt measures of protection， but also positive measures in all areas so as to achieve the effective and equal empowerment of women.
缔约国必须不仅选拔保护纪律，也应在各限制选拔积极纪律，对等有用地赋予妇女权柄。
States parties must provide information regarding the actual role of women in society so that the Committee may ascertain what measures， in addition to legislative provisions， have been or should be taken to give effect to these obligations， what progress has been made， what difficulties are encountered and what steps are being taken to overcome them.
缔约国必须提供关系妇女在社会中的履行作用的尊府，以便委员会可细目除了立法端正外，为履行这些义务仍是选拔和应该选拔何种纪律、已取得何种进展、遭遇何种艰巨和为克服它们选拔了何种形貌。
4. States parties are responsible for ensuring the equal enjoyment of rights without any discrimination.
4. 缔约国有拖累保证平正享受权柄，不受任何脑怒。
Articles 2 and 3 mandate States parties to take all steps necessary， including the prohibition of discrimination on the ground of sex， to put an end to discriminatory actions， both in the public and the private sector， which impair the equal enjoyment of rights.
聚色阁第二和第三条责成缔约国选拔一切必要形貌，包括辞谢基于性别的脑怒，制止公私营部门有损对等享受权柄的脑怒行径。
5. Inequality in the enjoyment of rights by women throughout the world is deeply embedded in tradition， history and culture， including religious attitudes.
5. 全天下妇女在享受权柄方面的不对等快活植根于传统、历史和文化之中，包括宗教气魄。
The subordinate role of women in some countries is illustrated by the high incidence of prenatal sex selection and abortion of female foetuses.
产前性别取舍和堕女胎的情况好多阐明了妇女在有些国度的附属地位。
States parties should ensure that traditional， historical， religious or cultural attitudes are not used to justify violations of women’s right to equality before the law and to equal enjoyment of all Covenant rights.
缔约国应保证传统、历史、宗教或文化气魄不被用作为借口，侵扰妇女在法律眼前对等的权柄和对等享受所有《条约》权柄的权柄。
States parties should furnish appropriate information on those aspects of tradition， history， cultural practices and religious attitudes which jeopardize， or may jeopardize， compliance with article 3， and indicate what measures they have taken or intend to take to overcome such factors.
缔约国应提供得当尊府，阐明毁伤或有可能毁伤顺从第三条的传统、历史、文化习俗和宗教气魄等各个方面并阐明仍是选拔或野心选拔何种纪律克服这些身分。
6. In order to fulfil the obligation set forth in article 3， States parties should take account of the factors which impede the equal enjoyment by women and men of each right specified in the Covenant.
6. 为了履行第三条端正的义务，缔约国应试虑袭击男女对等享受《条约》端正的每一项权柄的身分。
To enable the Committee to obtain a complete picture of the situation of women in each State party as regards the implementation of the rights in the Covenant， this general comment identifies some of the factors affecting the equal enjoyment by women of the rights under the Covenant and spells out the type of information that is required with regard to these rights.
为了使委员会能全面了解每一缔约国在落实《条约》权柄方面妇女的情况，本一般性意见指出了影响妇女对等享受《条约》端正的权柄的一些身分并建议了需要何种类型的与这些权柄关系的尊府。
7. The equal enjoyment of human rights by women must be protected during a state of emergency (art. 4).
7. 在进军状态工夫，妇女对等享受东说念主权的权柄必须得到保护(第四条)。
States parties which take measures derogating from their obligations under the Covenant in time of public emergency， as provided in article 4， should provide information to the Committee with respect to the impact on the situation of women of such measures and should demonstrate that they are non-discriminatory.
缔约国淌若在巨匠进军状态时凭证第四条选拔纪律，克减《条约》端正的义务，则应向委员会提供对于这种纪律对妇女情况的影响的尊府，并标明这些纪律无脑怒性。
8. Women are particularly vulnerable in times of internal or international armed conflicts.
8. 在发生国内或国外武装破裂时，妇女格外容易受到伤害。
States parties should inform the Committee of all measures taken during these situations to protect women from rape， abduction and other forms of gender-based violence.
缔约国应见告委员会在这些情况工夫为保护妇女免遭强奸、恐吓或基于性别的其他格局的暴力而选拔的所有纪律。
9. In becoming parties to the Covenant， States undertake， in accordance with article 3， to ensure the equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all civil and political rights set forth in the Covenant， and in accordance with article 5， nothing in the Covenant may be interpreted as implying for any State， group or person any right to engage in any activity or perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights provided for in article 3， or at limitations not covered by the Covenant.
9. 成为《条约》的缔约方，缔约国即是凭证第三条承诺保证男女对等享有《条约》所载一切公民权柄和政事权柄。 凭证第五条，《条约》中任何部分不得证明为隐示任何国度、团体或个东说念主有权柄从事于任何旨在苟且该条端正的任何权柄或对它们实行《条约》莫得端正的松手的行径或行径。
Moreover， there shall be no restriction upon or derogation from the equal enjoyment by women of all fundamental human rights recognized or existing pursuant to law， conventions， regulations or customs， on the pretext that the Covenant does not recognize such rights or that it recognizes them to a lesser extent.
此外，对于妇女对等享受依据法律、老例、条例或习尚而被承认或存在的所有基本东说念主权，不得借口《条约》未予承认或只在较小范围上给予承认而加以松手或克减。
10. When reporting on the right to life protected by article 6， States parties should provide data on birth rates and on pregnancy- and childbirth-related deaths of women.
10. 在提交关系受第六条保护的生命权的报酬时，缔约国应提供对于降生率和对于妇女与妊娠和生产关系的亏空率的数据。
Gender-disaggregated data should be provided on infant mortality rates.
对于婴儿亏空率的数据应按性别分列。
States parties should give information on any measures taken by the State to help women prevent unwanted pregnancies， and to ensure that they do not have to undergo life-threatening clandestine abortions.
缔约国应提供尊府，阐明它是否选拔任何纪律，匡助妇女防护不想要的孕珠和保证她们无谓接受威胁生命的巧妙流产。
States parties should also report on measures to protect women from practices that violate their right to life， such as female infanticide， the burning of widows and dowry killings.
缔约国也应报酬为保护妇女免遭生命权受到侵扰的作法的纪律，这种作法包括杀害女婴、放弃遗孀和杀害嫁妆不及的新娘。
The Committee also wishes to have information on the particular impact on women of poverty and deprivation that may pose a threat to their lives.
委员会还但愿取得关系有可能威胁妇女生命的清寒和一无所有快活对她们的格外影响的尊府。
11. To assess compliance with article 7 of the Covenant， as well as with article 24， which mandates special protection for children， the Committee needs to be provided information on national laws and practice with regard to domestic and other types of violence against women， including rape.
11. 在评估《条约》第七条以及端正对儿童给予格外保护的第二十四条的顺从情况时，委员会需要取得对于国度法律和习尚的尊府，其中要阐明若何处理侵害妇女的家庭和其他类型的暴力问题。
It also needs to know whether the State party gives access to safe abortion to women who have become pregnant as a result of rape.
委员会还需要了解缔约国让因受强奸而孕珠的妇女安全人工流产的情况。
The States parties should also provide the Committee with information on measures to prevent forced abortion or forced sterilization.
缔约国也应向委员会提供材料，先容若何防护免强者工流产或免强绝育的纪律。
In States parties where the practice of genital mutilation exists information on its extent and on measures to eliminate it should be provided.
存在生殖器残割习俗的缔约国应提供关系这种习俗的进度的尊府和抹杀这种习俗的纪律。
The information provided by States parties on all these issues should include measures of protection， including legal remedies， for women whose rights under article 7 have been violated.
缔约国提供的关系所有这些问题的尊府应载有保护其第七条端正的权柄遭到侵扰的妇女的纪律，包括法律支援纪律。
12. Having regard to their obligations under article 8， States parties should inform the Committee of measures taken to eliminate trafficking of women and children， within the country or across borders， and forced prostitution.
12. 对于第八条端正的义务，缔约国应向委员会先容为抹杀国内或跨鸿沟生意妇女和儿童及免强卖淫快活而选拔的纪律。
They must also provide information on measures taken to protect women and children， including foreign women and children， from slavery， disguised， inter alia， as domestic or other kinds of personal service.
缔约国也必须提供尊府，先容为保护妇女和儿童、包括异邦妇女和儿童不受奴役、不提供变相的主要为家庭或其他格局的个东说念主服务，而选拔的纪律。
States parties where women and children are recruited， and from which they are taken， and States parties where they are received should provide information on measures， national or international， which have been taken in order to prevent the violation of women’s and children’s rights.
妇女和儿童被招聘和被带走的缔约国和接受他们的缔约国应提供为防护侵扰妇女和儿童权柄而选拔的国度或国外纪律的尊府。
13. States parties should provide information on any specific regulation of clothing to be worn by women in public.
13. 缔约国应提供关系妇女在巨匠场地应穿服装的任何具体条例的尊府。
The Committee stresses that such regulations may involve a violation of a number of rights guaranteed by the Covenant， such as: article 26， on non-discrimination; article 7， if corporal punishment is imposed in order to enforce such a regulation; article 9， when failure to comply with the regulation is punished by arrest; article 12， if liberty of movement is subject to such a constraint; article 17， which guarantees all persons the right to privacy without arbitrary or unlawful interference; articles 18 and 19， when women are subjected to clothing requirements that are not in keeping with their religion or their right of self-expression; and， lastly， article 27， when the clothing requirements conflict with the culture to which the woman can lay a claim.
委员会强调，这种条例有可能触犯《条约》保险的多少权柄，如：第二十六条，不脑怒；第七条，为强制奉行此种条例而实行体罚；第九条，如不顺从该条例即受逮捕责罚；第十二条，挪动解放受到此种条例的松手；第十七条，保险所有东说念主享有秘籍权，不受大肆或罪人干预；第十八和第十九条，对妇女的服装要求不稳健其宗教或其自我表露权；及临了，第二十七条，服装方面端正与妇女可建议陈诉的文化相破裂。
14. With regard to article 9， States parties should provide information on any laws or practices which may deprive women of their liberty on an arbitrary or unequal basis， such as by confinement within the house (see general comment No. 8， paragraph 1).
14. 对于第九条，缔约国应提供尊府，先容有可能大肆或回击正打劫妇女解放，如家内软禁的任何法律或作法(见第8号一般性意见，第1段)。
15. As regards articles 7 and 10， States parties must provide all information relevant to ensuring that the rights of persons deprived of their liberty are protected on equal terms for men and women.
15. 对于第七和第十条，缔约国必须提供一切关系尊府，阐明若何确保被打劫解放者的权柄不分男女均受到对等保护。
In particular， States parties should report on whether men and women are separated in prisons and whether women are guarded only by female guards.
具体而言，缔约国应报酬监狱里男女是否分开；妇女是否仅由女狱卒看护。
States parties should also report about compliance with the rule that accused juvenile females shall be separated from adults and on any difference in treatment between male and female persons deprived of liberty， such as access to rehabilitation and education programmes and to conjugal and family visits.
缔约国也应报酬关系顺从受指控的女青少年与成东说念主分开的合手法、对于被打劫解放的男女之间在待遇上的任何分袂，如取得改造和讲授决策和匹俦和家东说念主访谒的契机等方面的情况。
Pregnant women who are deprived of their liberty should receive humane treatment and respect for their inherent dignity at all times， and in particular during the birth and while caring for their newborn children; States parties should report on facilities to ensure this and on medical and health care for such mothers and their babies.
被打劫解放的妊妇应在职何工夫格外是在妊娠和照顾重生婴儿工夫受到东说念主说念待遇和对她们的固有尊荣的尊重；缔约国应就确保这一切的设施和对于对这种母亲过火婴儿的医疗和保健问题提交报酬。
16. As regards article 12， States parties should provide information on any legal provision or any practice which restricts women’s right to freedom of movement， for example the exercise of marital powers over the wife or of parental powers over adult daughters; legal or de facto requirements which prevent women from travelling， such as the requirement of consent of a third party to the issuance of a passport or other type of travel documents to an adult woman.
16. 对于第十二条，缔约国应提供关系下列方面的尊府，松手妇女行动解放的任何法律端正或任何习俗，如对细君期骗夫权或对成年男儿期骗父母权柄；阻塞妇女旅行的法律或事实要求，如给成年妇女发护照或其他类型的旅行文献需经第三方甘心的要求。
States parties should also report on measures taken to eliminate such laws and practices and to protect women against them， including reference to available domestic remedies (see general comment No. 27， paragraphs 6 and 18).
缔约国也应报酬为废除此种法律和习俗和保护妇女免遭其害而选拔的纪律，包括提到现存国内支援纪律(见第27号一般性意见，第6和第18段)。
17. States parties should ensure that alien women are accorded on an equal basis the right to submit arguments against their expulsion and to have their case reviewed， as provided in article 13.
17. 缔约国应保证异邦妇女在对等基础上享有第十三条端正的建议反对被结果的根由和使其案件得到复审的权柄。
In this regard， they should be entitled to submit arguments based on gender-specific violations of the Covenant such as those mentioned in paragraphs 10 and 11 above.
在这方面，他们有权如以上第10和第11段所述建议针对与性别关系的触犯《条约》行径的论据。
18. States parties should provide information to enable the Committee to ascertain whether access to justice and the right to a fair trial， provided for in article 14， are enjoyed by women on equal terms with men.
18. 缔约国应提供尊府，使委员会能细目妇女是否能在与男人对等的基础上享有第十四条端正的得到平正和平正审判的权柄。
In particular， States parties should inform the Committee whether there are legal provisions preventing women from direct and autonomous access to the courts (see communication No. 202/1986， Ato del Avellanal v. Peru， Views of 28 October 1988); whether women may give evidence as witnesses on the same terms as men; and whether measures are taken to ensure women equal access to legal aid， in particular in family matters.
具体而言缔约国应见告委员会是否有袭击妇女径直和自动投诉法院的法律端正(见第202/1986号来文，Ato del Avellanal诉秘鲁，1988年10月28日的意见)；妇女是否与男人一样可作为证东说念主作证；以及是否选拔纪律保证妇女对等取得法律补助，格外是在家庭问题方面。
States parties should report on whether certain categories of women are denied the enjoyment of the presumption of innocence under article 14， paragraph 2， and on the measures which have been taken to put an end to this situation.
缔约国应报酬某些类型的妇女是否被打劫了享受第十四条第2款端正的无罪推定的权柄和为齐备这种情况选拔的纪律。
19. The right of everyone under article 16 to be recognized everywhere as a person before the law is particularly pertinent for women， who often see it curtailed by reason of sex or marital status.
19. 对于东说念主东说念主在职何场地有权被承认在法律前的东说念主格的第十六条与妇女格外关系，因为妇女的这项权柄经常因性别和婚配气象而受到松手。
This right implies that the capacity of women to own property， to enter into a contract or to exercise other civil rights may not be restricted on the basis of marital status or any other discriminatory ground.
这项权柄意味着妇女领有财产、缔伙同同或期骗其他公民权的本事不应受到基于婚配气象或任何其他脑怒根由的松手。
It also implies that women may not be treated as objects to be given， together with the property of the deceased husband， to his family.
它还意味着妇女不得被动作物品与其已故丈夫的财产一皆送交他的家庭。
States must provide information on laws or practices that prevent women from being treated or from functioning as full legal persons and the measures taken to eradicate laws or practices that allow such treatment.
缔约国必须提供尊府，报酬阻塞妇女被作为齐备法东说念主或作为齐备法东说念主期骗职能的法律或习俗和为废除允许这种待遇的法律或习俗而选拔的纪律。
20. States parties must provide information to enable the Committee to assess the effect of any laws and practices that may interfere with women’s right to enjoy privacy and other rights protected by article 17 on the basis of equality with men.
20. 缔约国必须提供尊府，使委员会能评估有可颖悟涉妇女在与男人对等的基础上享受秘籍权和第十七条保护的其他权柄的任何法律和习俗的影响。
An example of such interference arises where the sexual life of a woman is taken into consideration in deciding the extent of her legal rights and protections， including protection against rape.
产生这种干预的事例是在决定妇女的法律权柄和保护进度时，包括免遭强奸的保护，磋商妇女的性生存。
Another area where States may fail to respect women’s privacy relates to their reproductive functions， for example， where there is a requirement for the husband’s authorization to make a decision in regard to sterilization; where general requirements are imposed for the sterilization of women， such as having a certain number of children or being of a certain age， or where States impose a legal duty upon doctors and other health personnel to report cases of women who have undergone abortion.
缔约国可能莫得尊重妇女秘籍的另一限制触及到她们的再生养功能，举例对于绝育的决定需要丈夫甘心；对妇女绝育实行一般的要求，如有一定数主义妇女或达到一定年事；或国度对医师和其他保健东说念主员端正法律义务，报酬进行人工流产的妇女的情况。
In these instances， other rights in the Covenant， such as those of articles 6 and 7， might also be at stake.
在这些情况中，《条约》端正的其他权柄如第六和第七条的权柄也可能受到威胁。
Women’s privacy may also be interfered with by private actors， such as employers who request a pregnancy test before hiring a woman.
妇女的秘籍也可能受到私东说念主行径者的干预，如老板在雇用妇女前要求妊娠化验。
States parties should report on any laws and public or private actions that interfere with the equal enjoyment by women of the rights under article 17， and on the measures taken to eliminate such interference and to afford women protection from any such interference.
缔约国应建议报酬，阐明干预妇女对等享受第十七条端正的权柄的任何法律和巨匠或私东说念主行径和为抹杀这种干预和保护妇女不受任何此类干预选拔的纪律。
21. States parties must take measures to ensure that freedom of thought， conscience and religion， and the freedom to adopt the religion or belief of one’s choice - including the freedom to change religion or belief and to express one’s religion or belief - will be guaranteed and protected in law and in practice for both men and women， on the same terms and without discrimination.
21. 缔约国必须选拔纪律，保证法律和习尚保险和保护男女以相通条目和不受脑怒地享受念念想、良心和宗教解放和取舍宗教或信仰的解放――包括调动宗教或信仰和标明宗教或信仰的解放。
These freedoms， protected by article 18， must not be subject to restrictions other than those authorized by the Covenant and must not be constrained by， inter alia， rules requiring permission from third parties， or by interference from fathers， husbands， brothers or others.
受第十八条保护的这些解放不得受除《条约》甘心的松手之外的任何松手；不得受到除其他外要求第三方允许的合手法或来自父亲、丈夫、兄弟或其他东说念骨干预的制约。
Article 18 may not be relied upon to justify discrimination against women by reference to freedom of thought， conscience and religion; States parties should therefore provide information on the status of women as regards their freedom of thought， conscience and religion， and indicate what steps they have taken or intend to take both to eliminate and prevent infringements of these freedoms in respect of women and to protect their right not to be discriminated against.
不得以念念想、良心和宗教解放为由将第十八条用作脑怒妇女的借口；因此缔约国应提供关系妇女在念念想、良心和宗教解放方面的气象的尊府，并阐明已选拔或野心选拔何种形貌，抹杀和制止对妇女的这些解放的侵害和保护她们不受脑怒的权柄。
22. In relation to article 19， States parties should inform the Committee of any laws or other factors which may impede women from exercising the rights protected under this provision on an equal basis.
22. 对于第十九条，缔约国应见告委员会有可能袭击妇女在对等基础上期骗受这项端正保护的权柄的任何法律或其他身分。
As the publication and dissemination of obscene and pornographic material which portrays women and girls as objects of violence or degrading or inhuman treatment is likely to promote these kinds of treatment of women and girls， States parties should provide information about legal measures to restrict the publication or dissemination of such material.
对于将妇女和女子描画为暴力或有辱东说念主格或不东说念主说念待遇的对象的淫秽和色情材料的出书和传播有可能挑动对妇女和女子实行这些种类的待遇的问题，缔约国应提供对于松手出书或传播这种材料的法律纪律的尊府。
23. States are required to treat men and women equally in regard to marriage in accordance with article 23， which has been elaborated further by general comment No. 19 (1990).
23. 第二十三条端正缔约国在婚配方面作念到男女待遇对等。 第19号一般性意见进一步弘扬了该条。
Men and women have the right to enter into marriage only with their free and full consent， and States have an obligation to protect the enjoyment of this right on an equal basis.
惟有经男女两边解放和十足的甘心，才能缔婚。 缔约国有义务保护这项权柄在对等基础的享受。
Many factors may prevent women from being able to make the decision to marry freely.
有许多身分可能袭击妇女作出解放缔婚的决定。
One factor relates to the minimum age for marriage.
一个身分触及到婚配最低年事。
That age should be set by the State on the basis of equal criteria for men and women.
这一年事应由缔约国在对男女适用的对等尺度的基础上细目。
These criteria should ensure women’s capacity to make an informed and uncoerced decision.
这些尺度应保证妇女有本事作出知情和不受挟制的决定。
A second factor in some States may be that either by statutory or customary law a guardian， who is generally male， consents to the marriage instead of the woman herself， thereby preventing women from exercising a free choice.
在有些国度的第二个身分可能是成文法和习尚法端正，缔婚与否得经监护东说念主，频繁为男性，而不是妇女我方甘心，从而袭击妇女期骗解放取舍权。
24. Another factor that may affect women’s right to marry only when they have given free and full consent is the existence of social attitudes which tend to marginalize women victims of rape and put pressure on them to agree to marriage.
24. 可能影响妇女期骗惟有经解放和十足的甘心才能缔婚的权柄的另孤单分是社会气魄，这种气魄经常排除遭强奸的妇女受害者，对她们施加压力，要她们甘心成亲。
A woman’s free and full consent to marriage may also be undermined by laws which allow the rapist to have his criminal responsibility extinguished or mitigated if he marries the victim.
有些法律端正，只消强奸犯与受害者成亲，其责罚就可能取消或平缓，这种法律也损及妇女惟有解放和十足甘心才可缔婚的权柄。
States parties should indicate whether marrying the victim extinguishes or mitigates criminal responsibility and， in the case in which the victim is a minor， whether the rape reduces the marriageable age of the victim， particularly in societies where rape victims have to endure marginalization from society.
缔约国应该阐明与受害者成亲是否取消或平缓责罚；在受害者为未成年东说念主的情况中，强奸是否裁汰受害者的成亲年事，格外是就强奸受害者必须承受社会排除的社会而言。
A different aspect of the right to marry may be affected when States impose restrictions on remarriage by women that are not imposed on men.
淌若缔约国只对妇女再婚实行松手而对男人再婚却伪善行松手，这会影响到缔婚权柄的另一个方面。
Also， the right to choose one’s spouse may be restricted by laws or practices that prevent the marriage of a woman of a particular religion to a man who professes no religion or a different religion.
此外，阻塞信奉某一特定宗教的妇女与不信教或信奉一不同宗教的男人通婚的法律或习俗会松手取舍妃耦的权柄。
States should provide information on these laws and practices and on the measures taken to abolish the laws and eradicate the practices which undermine the right of women to marry only when they have given free and full consent.
缔约国应提供尊府，阐明这些法律和习俗和为废除苟且妇女期骗惟有经解放和十足甘心才能缔婚的权柄的法律和习俗选拔的纪律。
It should also be noted that equality of treatment with regard to the right to marry implies that polygamy is incompatible with this principle.
缔约国也应该能干到关系缔婚权的对恭候遇意味着一夫多妻制与这一对等原则相抵牾。
Polygamy violates the dignity of women.
一夫多妻制毁伤妇女的尊荣。
It is an inadmissible discrimination against women.
它是一种令东说念主不成接受的对妇女的脑怒。
Consequently， it should be definitely abolished wherever it continues to exist.
因此，只消它赓续存在，就应明确废除。
25. To fulfil their obligations under article 23， paragraph 4， States parties must ensure that the matrimonial regime contains equal rights and obligations for both spouses with regard to the custody and care of children， the children’s religious and moral education， the capacity to transmit to children the parent’s nationality， and the ownership or administration of property， whether common property or property in the sole ownership of either spouse.
25. 为了履行第二十三条第四款端正的义务，缔约国必须保证婚配轨制在关系监护和顺心儿童、儿童的宗教和说念德讲授、儿童袭取父母国籍的本事和财产，不管是共同财产如故仅由妃耦一方领有的财产的所有权或解决等方面为妃耦两边端正对等的权柄和义务。
States parties should review their legislation to ensure that married women have equal rights in regard to the ownership and administration of such property， where necessary.
缔约国应审查其立法，保证已婚妇女必要时在领有妥协决这种财产方面享有对等权柄。
Also， States parties should ensure that no sex-based discrimination occurs in respect of the acquisition or loss of nationality by reason of marriage， of residence rights， and of the right of each spouse to retain the use of his or her original family name or to participate on an equal basis in the choice of a new family name.
此外，缔约国应保证因缔婚而获取或丧失国籍、居住权和每一妃耦保留使用他或她的原姓氏或对等参与取舍新姓氏的权柄方面不发生基于性别的脑怒。
Equality during marriage implies that husband and wife should participate equally in responsibility and authority within the family.
缔婚工夫的对等意味着丈夫和细君在家庭内拖累和泰斗对等。
26. States parties must also ensure equality in regard to the dissolution of marriage， which excludes the possibility of repudiation.
26. 缔约国也必须保证澌灭婚约方面的对等，不允许有闭幕的可能。
The grounds for divorce and annulment should be the same for men and women， as well as decisions with regard to property distribution， alimony and the custody of children.
离异妥协除婚约的根由以及关系财产分拨、奉侍费和儿童监护等方面的裁决对男女应一视同仁。
Determination of the need to maintain contact between children and the non-custodial parent should be based on equal considerations.
子女与非监护父母之间保留筹商的需要应依据对等磋商身分来细目。
Women should also have equal inheritance rights to those of men when the dissolution of marriage is caused by the death of one of the spouses.
淌若婚约的澌灭系一方妃耦亏空形成，妇女也应享有与男人对等的袭取权。
27. In giving effect to recognition of the family in the context of article 23， it is important to accept the concept of the various forms of family， including unmarried couples and their children and single parents and their children， and to ensure the equal treatment of women in these contexts (see general comment No. 19， paragraph 2).
27. 在承认第二十三条所指的家庭时，必须接受各式格局的家庭成见，包括独身佳耦过火子女和单亲过火子女的家庭，和保证在这些情形中对等对待妇女(见一般性意见19， 第2段)。
Single-parent families frequently consist of a single woman caring for one or more children， and States parties should describe what measures of support are in place to enable her to discharge her parental functions on the basis of equality with a man in a similar position.
单亲家庭经常由一个照看一个或多个儿童的妇女构成；缔约国应阐明有何种资助纪律使她能在与处于访佛情况的男人对等的基础上期骗其父母职能。
28. The obligation of States parties to protect children (art. 24) should be carried out equally for boys and girls.
28. 缔约国保护儿童的义务(第二十四条)应该在对男童和女童对等的基础上履行。
States parties should report on measures taken to ensure that girls are treated equally to boys in education， in feeding and in health care， and provide the Committee with disaggregated data in this respect.
缔约国应报酬为保证女童在讲授、饮食和保健方面与男童受到对恭候遇而选拔的纪律并向委员会分类提供这方面的数据。
States parties should eradicate， both through legislation and any other appropriate measures， all cultural or religious practices which jeopardize the freedom and well-being of female children.
缔约国应通过立法和任何其他得当纪律废除有损女童解放和福利的一切文化或宗教习俗。
29. The right to participate in the conduct of public affairs is not fully implemented everywhere on an equal basis.
29. 参与巨匠事务的权柄并莫得在各地在对等基础上得到充分奉行。
States parties must ensure that the law guarantees to women the rights contained in article 25 on equal terms with men and take effective and positive measures to promote and ensure women’s participation in the conduct of public affairs and in public office， including appropriate affirmative action.
缔约国必须保证法律保险妇女在与男人对等的基础上享有第二十五条端正的权柄并选拔有用和积极纪律包括降服行动，促进和保证妇女参与巨匠事务和担任公职。
Effective measures taken by States parties to ensure that all persons entitled to vote are able to exercise that right should not be discriminatory on the grounds of sex.
缔约国为保证享有投票权的所有东说念主能期骗这项权柄而选拔的有用纪律不应该有以性别为根由的脑怒。
The Committee requires States parties to provide statistical information on the percentage of women in publicly elected office， including the legislature， as well as in high-ranking civil service positions and the judiciary.
委员会要求缔约国提供统计尊府，阐明妇女在巨匠选举的职务，包括立法以及高等公事员职务和立法中的百分比。
30. Discrimination against women is often intertwined with discrimination on other grounds such as race， colour， language， religion， political or other opinion， national or social origin， property， birth or other status.
30. 对妇女的脑怒经常与基于诸如种族、肤色、话语、宗教、政事或其他见识、国籍或社会出身、财产、降生或其他地位等根由的脑怒纠缠在一皆。
States parties should address the ways in which any instances of discrimination on other grounds affect women in a particular way， and include information on the measures taken to counter these effects.
缔约国应该报酬基于其他根由的任何脑怒在哪些方面以特定格局影响到妇女并提供为抹杀这些影响选拔的纪律的尊府。
31. The right to equality before the law and freedom from discrimination， protected by article 26， requires States to act against discrimination by public and private agencies in all fields.
31. 受第二十六条保护的所有东说念主在法律眼前对等和不受脑怒的解放要求缔约国选拔行动，打击一切限制的巨匠和私东说念主机构的脑怒行径。
Discrimination against women in areas such as social security laws (communications Nos. 172/84， Broeks v. Netherlands， Views of 9 April 1987; 182/84， Zwaan de Vries v. the Netherlands， Views of 9 April 1987; 218/1986， Vos v. the Netherlands， Views of 29 March 1989) as well as in the area of citizenship or rights of non-citizens in a country (communication No. 035/1978， Aumeeruddy-Cziffra et al. v. Mauritius， Views adopted 9 April 1981) violates article 26.
在诸如社会保险法律的限制(第172/84号来文，《Broeks诉荷兰》，1987年4月9日的意见；第182/84号来文，《Zwaan de Vries诉荷兰》，1987年4月9日的意见；第218/1986号来文，《Vos诉荷兰》，1989年3月29日的意见)以及在一个国度的公民阅历或非公民权柄等限制(第035/1978号来文，《Aumeeruddy-Cziffra过火他东说念主诉毛里求斯》，1981年4月9日通过的意见)对妇女的脑怒有违第二十六条。
The commission of so-called “honour crimes” which remain unpunished constitutes a serious violation of the Covenant and in particular of articles 6， 14 and 26.
仍不受责罚的所谓“为珍爱荣誉而违警”是对《条约》，格外是第六、第十四和第二十六条的严重违背。
Laws which impose more severe penalties on women than on men for adultery or other offences also violate the requirement of equal treatment.
在通奸或其他罪责方面临妇女比对男人实行更严厉处罚的法律也违背对恭候遇的要求。
The Committee has also often observed in reviewing States parties’ reports that a large proportion of women are employed in areas which are not protected by labour laws and that prevailing customs and traditions discriminate against women， particularly with regard to access to better paid employment and to equal pay for work of equal value.
在审查缔约国的报酬时，委员会也不时能干到多量妇女受雇于下列限制：得不到劳工法的保护；现行习尚和传统脑怒妇女，格外是在取得较好薪水待遇的服务和同工同酬方面。
States parties should review their legislation and practices and take the lead in implementing all measures necessary to eliminate discrimination against women in all fields， for example by prohibiting discrimination by private actors in areas such as employment， education， political activities and the provision of accommodation， goods and services.
缔约国应审查这些立法和作法，并带头奉行一切必要纪律，抹杀在一切限制对妇女的脑怒，举例辞谢私东说念主行径者在服务、讲授、政事行径和提供住宿、货色和服务等限制实行脑怒。
States parties should report on all these measures and provide information on the remedies available to victims of such discrimination.
缔约国应报酬所有这些纪律并提供对于这种脑怒的受害者现存何种支援纪律的尊府。
32. The rights which persons belonging to minorities enjoy under article 27 of the Covenant in respect of their language， culture and religion do not authorize any State， group or person to violate the right to the equal enjoyment by women of any Covenant rights， including the right to equal protection of the law.
32. 属于少数群体的东说念主凭证《条约》第二十七条在其话语、文化和宗教方面享有的权柄并不授权任何国度、群体或东说念主违背妇女对等享受《条约》任何权柄的权柄，包括受法律对等保护的权柄。
States should report on any legislation or administrative practices related to membership in a minority community that might constitute an infringement of the equal rights of women under the Covenant (communication No. 24/1977， Lovelace v. Canada， Views adopted July 1981) and on measures taken or envisaged to ensure the equal right of men and women to enjoy all civil and political rights in the Covenant.
缔约国应建议报酬，先容与少数东说念主群体的成员阅历关系，可能触犯《条约》端正的妇女对等权柄的任何立法或行政作法(第24/1977号来文，《Lovelace诉加拿大》，1981年7月通过的意见)和为保证男女对等享有《条约》的所有公民权柄和政事权柄已选拔或设想选拔的纪律。
Likewise， States should report on measures taken to discharge their responsibilities in relation to cultural or religious practices within minority communities that affect the rights of women.
相通，缔约国应建议报酬，先容为履行与少数东说念主社区内影响妇女权柄的文化或宗教习俗关系的责任选拔的纪律。
In their reports， States parties should pay attention to the contribution made by women to the cultural life of their communities.
缔约国在报酬中应疼爱妇女对其社区的文化生存作出的孝敬。
Note
注
{§1} Adopted by the Committee at its 1834th meeting (sixty-eighth session)， on 29 March 2000.
{§1} 委员会在2000年3月29日第1834次会议(第六十八届会议)上通过。
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